1. A division of the bryophytes, liverworts are relatively small plants which
2. have adapted to different habitats. Two species of liverworts, Riella and
3. Ricciocarpus, thrive in aquatic habitats. Some are found in the company of
4. other vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and sedges in the tundra in
5. Antarctica, while most others prefer moist, shady floors and tree trunks of
6. tropical forests. Leafy liverworts, with two or three rows of lobe-shaped
7. leaves which overlap incompletely, are discovered plentifully in the
8. tropical forests. These plants develop water storage pockets which become
9. home to a host of very small animals. They have a prostrate growth, and
10. single-cell rhizoids -- hairlike projections -- anchor the plant but are
11. incapable of transporting nutrients to the plants. The absence of midrib is
12. quite common bryophytes. Sphaerocarpo, a Thallus liverwort,
13. sometimes produces round rosettes or extended, flattened lobes.
14. The bryophytes not only aid soil formation on rocky and unproductive land
15. but balance the moisture content of the soil. Their epidermal cells -- outer
16. cells of the plant -- fused with significant air pores enclose the
17. photosynthetic cells. These pores play a major role in the photosynthetic
18. process in which carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen is given off.
What is the main topic of the passage ?
Even though bryophytes, liverworts, mosses, lichens, and sedges are mentioned in the passage, most of the passage deals with different kinds of liverworts. Do not be tricked into choosing (A) even though bryophytes are explained and supported; they are not the main portion of the passage.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom:
1. Researchers in the field of animal behavior have long been interested in the
2. ways animals and insects communicate. The most recent findings show that
3. honeybees communicate mostly through "dances".
4. By performing certain dance routines, the workers let the other members know
5. of the location of the food source, its direction and its distance. If the workers
6. spot pollen and nectar in the flowers near their hive, they do the circular dance.
7. On the other hand, when the food site is remote, they perform a figure-eight
8. waggle dance, in which the slow and fast tempo movements will inform the other
9. members of the distance to the food source.For instance, a slow waggle of the lower
10. part of the abdomen signifies a far-distance, demanding flight. Conversely, a rapid
11. waggle indicates within- reach trip. Variations in the dance form exist among
12. different species.
13. The bee's orientation on the comb is a key directional cue for the bees. In the
14. absence of sun light on the comb, the bees waggle moving straight up. If the
15. sun's polarized light penetrates the hive, the bees can orient themselves
16. toward the direction of the sun's rays.
According to passage, how does a worker find the right path to the food source?
This information is given in the topic sentence of the third paragraph (line 13).
A tag question uses the same verb as the main part of the sentence. If the main part is positive, the negative form is used; if it is negative, the positive form is used in the tag.
"Many" is not used with an uncountable noun. "Work" is an uncountable noun.
An infinitive means the future in this context. "To" is not followed by -ing forms. Since "has" is the verb here, another verb is not used.
"Consult" is a transitive verb, so it is not used with a preposition.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom:
1. Researchers in the field of animal behavior have long been interested in the
2. ways animals and insects communicate. The most recent findings show that
3. honeybees communicate mostly through "dances".
4. By performing certain dance routines, the workers let the other members know
5. of the location of the food source, its direction and its distance. If the workers
6. spot pollen and nectar in the flowers near their hive, they do the circular dance.
7. On the other hand, when the food site is remote, they perform a figure-eight
8. waggle dance, in which the slow and fast tempo movements will inform the other
9. members of the distance to the food source.For instance, a slow waggle of the lower
10. part of the abdomen signifies a far-distance, demanding flight. Conversely, a rapid
11. waggle indicates within- reach trip. Variations in the dance form exist among
12. different species.
13. The bee's orientation on the comb is a key directional cue for the bees. In the
14. absence of sun light on the comb, the bees waggle moving straight up. If the
15. sun's polarized light penetrates the hive, the bees can orient themselves
16. toward the direction of the sun's rays.
The word "conversely"in line 10 could best be replaced by which of the following?
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom:
1. Researchers in the field of animal behavior have long been interested in the
2. ways animals and insects communicate. The most recent findings show that
3. honeybees communicate mostly through "dances".
4. By performing certain dance routines, the workers let the other members know
5. of the location of the food source, its direction and its distance. If the workers
6. spot pollen and nectar in the flowers near their hive, they do the circular dance.
7. On the other hand, when the food site is remote, they perform a figure-eight
8. waggle dance, in which the slow and fast tempo movements will inform the other
9. members of the distance to the food source.For instance, a slow waggle of the lower
10. part of the abdomen signifies a far-distance, demanding flight. Conversely, a rapid
11. waggle indicates within- reach trip. Variations in the dance form exist among
12. different species.
13. The bee's orientation on the comb is a key directional cue for the bees. In the
14. absence of sun light on the comb, the bees waggle moving straight up. If the
15. sun's polarized light penetrates the hive, the bees can orient themselves
16. toward the direction of the sun's rays.
Where in the passage dose the author mention the variety in the dance form?
This information is explicitly stated in lines 11-12.
This means when the conference will be held. This sentence is an active form. Which idiom is used in this context?
"To" is not usually followed by -ing forms. "Enjoy" takes a gerund.
"Graduate," in this context, is used with "from." A question with "did" does not take the -ing form of the verb.
This means "start burning," using "catch" in an idiomatic expression.
This sentence means that our friends will let us stay with them for two nights. "Provide" is not used in this context. Which idiom is used in this context?
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom:
1. Researchers in the field of animal behavior have long been interested in the
2. ways animals and insects communicate. The most recent findings show that
3. honeybees communicate mostly through "dances".
4. By performing certain dance routines, the workers let the other members know
5. of the location of the food source, its direction and its distance. If the workers
6. spot pollen and nectar in the flowers near their hive, they do the circular dance.
7. On the other hand, when the food site is remote, they perform a figure-eight
8. waggle dance, in which the slow and fast tempo movements will inform the other
9. members of the distance to the food source. For instance, a slow waggle of the lower
10. part of the abdomen signifies a far-distance, demanding flight. Conversely, a rapid
11. waggle indicates within- reach trip. Variations in the dance form exist among
12. different species.
13. The bee's orientation on the comb is a key directional cue for the bees. In the
14. absence of sun light on the comb, the bees waggle moving straight up. If the
15. sun's polarized light penetrates the hive, the bees can orient themselves
16. toward the direction of the sun's rays.
The author's purpose in using "the slow and fast tempo movements" (line 8) is to
1. A division of the bryophytes, liverworts are relatively small plants which
2. have adapted to different habitats. Two species of liverworts, Riella and
3. Ricciocarpus, thrive in aquatic habitats. Some are found in the company of
4. other vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and sedges in the tundra in
5. Antarctica, while most others prefer moist, shady floors and tree trunks of
6. tropical forests. Leafy liverworts, with two or three rows of lobe-shaped
7. leaves which overlap incompletely, are discovered plentifully in the
8. tropical forests. These plants develop water storage pockets which become
9. home to a host of very small animals. They have a prostrate growth, and
10. single-cell rhizoids -- hairlike projections -- anchor the plant but are
11. incapable of transporting nutrients to the plants. The absence of midrib is
12. quite common bryophytes. Sphaerocarpo, a Thallus liverwort,
13. sometimes produces round rosettes or extended, flattened lobes.
14. The bryophytes not only aid soil formation on rocky and unproductive land
15. but balance the moisture content of the soil. Their epidermal cells -- outer
16. cells of the plant -- fused with significant air pores enclose the
17. photosynthetic cells. These pores play a major role in the photosynthetic
18. process in which carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen is given off.
In line 3, the word "thrive" is closest in meaning to which of the following?
Thrive means "flourish" in this context. In other contexts, it means "succeed" or "prosper."
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TOEFL Practice Test #5
