Normally, the testes descend by one year of age. In young infants, it is common for the testes to retract into the inguinal canal when the environment is cold or the cremasteric reflex is stimulated. Exam should be done in a warm room with warm hands. It is most likely that both testes are present and will descend by a year. If not, a full assessment will determine the appropriate treatment.
Acids are substances having one or more hydrogen ions that can be liberated into a solution. Bases are substances that can bind hydrogen ions in a solution.
Please select 3 correct answers
Prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and platelet count are all included in coagulation studies. Option D: The hemoglobin level, though important information prior to an invasive procedure like liver biopsy, does not assess coagulation.
Patients with pulmonary edema experience air hunger, anxiety, and agitation. Options A and C: Respiration is fast and shallow and heart rate increases. Option B: Stridor is noisy breathing caused by laryngeal swelling or spasm and is not associated with pulmonary edema.
One of the risk factors of having respiratory acidosis is hypoventilation which may be due to brain trauma, coma, and hypothyroidism or myxedema. Other risk factors include COPD, Respiratory conditions such as pneumothorax, pneumonia and status asthmaticus. Drugs such as Morphine and MgSO4 toxicity are also risk factors of respiratory acidosis.
An automatic internal cardioverter-defibrillator delivers an electric shock to the heart to terminate episodes of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. This is necessary for a patient with significant ventricular symptoms, such as tachycardia resulting in syncope. Option A: A patient with myocardial infarction that resolved with no permanent cardiac damage would not be a candidate. Option B: A patient recovering well from coronary bypass would not need the device. Option D: Atrial tachycardia is less serious and is treated conservatively with medication and cardioversion as a last resort.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are important first line treatment for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (formerly known as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis). NSAIDs require 3-4 weeks for the therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects to be realized. Options A and B: Half of children with the disorder recover without joint deformity and about a third will continue with symptoms into adulthood. Option D: Physical activity is an integral part of therapy.
The implanted pacemaker will interfere with the magnetic fields of the MRI scanner and may be deactivated by them. Option A: Shellfish/iodine allergy is not a contraindication because the contrast used in MRI scanning is not iodine-based. Options C and D: Open MRI scanners and anti-anxiety medications are available for patients with claustrophobia. Psychiatric medication is not a contraindication to MRI scanning.
Increased pressure caused by bleeding or swelling within the skull can damage delicate brain tissue and may become life-threatening. Repeated vomiting can be an early sign of pressure as the vomiting center within the medulla is stimulated. Option A: The anterior fontanel is closed in a 4-year-old child. Option C: Evidence of sleepiness at 10 PM is normal for a four-year-old. Option D: The average 4-year-old child cannot read yet, so this too is normal.
An individual is considered to have hyperthermia if he or she has a temperature of >37.5 or 38.3 °C (99.5 or 100.9 °F). Measurement of arterial blood gases are normal.
The parathyroid glands regulate the calcium level in the blood. In hyperparathyroidism, the serum calcium level will be elevated. Option B: Parathyroid hormone levels may be high or normal but not low. Option C: The body will lower the level of vitamin D in an attempt to lower calcium. Option D: Urine calcium may be elevated, with calcium spilling over from elevated serum levels. This may cause renal stones.
Osgood-Schlatter disease occurs in adolescents in rapid growth phase when the infrapatellar ligament of the quadriceps muscle pulls on the tibial tubercle, causing pain and swelling in the inferior aspect of the knee. Osgood-Schlatter disease is commonly caused by activities that require repeated use of the quadriceps, including track and soccer. Option A: Swimming is not a likely cause. Option B: The condition is usually self-limited, responding to ice, rest, and analgesics. Option D: Continued participation will worsen the condition and the symptoms.
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NCLEX-RN Test #4
