The principle of unity of command states that each employee or individual worker within an organization should have one clear supervisor to whom they directly report. This principle is a fundamental aspect of organizational management and is closely related to the concept of the chain of command.
"Work" refers to the tasks or activities performed by individuals or teams within a company or organization to add value and contribute to the achievement of its goals. Work involves applying knowledge, skills, and effort to produce goods or services that meet the needs of customers or fulfill the objectives of the organization.
Administrative management is a management approach that focuses on the managerial principles and functions of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling within an organization. It is one of the branches of the Classical Approach to management and was developed by Henri Fayol, a French management theorist, during the early 20th century.
The approach that emphasized finding the "one best way" to get the most work done is known as the Classical Approach to management. This approach is one of the earliest and most influential schools of thought in management theory. It emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries and sought to improve efficiency and productivity in organizations.
Efficiency refers to the accomplishment of a given task or objective with the least amount of effort, waste, or resources. It involves maximizing output or results while minimizing input or resource utilization. When a process, system, or individual is efficient, they can achieve their goals effectively without unnecessary expenditure of time, money, energy, or other resources.
Management involves the process of planning, decision-making, organizing, and controlling the resources of an organization, including human resources (employees), financial resources (capital and funds), and informational resources (data and information). The primary goal of management is to achieve the organization's objectives in an efficient and effective manner, ensuring that resources are utilized optimally to maximize productivity and achieve success. Managers play a crucial role in coordinating and overseeing these activities to ensure the smooth functioning of the organization and the realization of its goals.
The Industrial Revolution played a significant role in paving the way for the evolution of management thought. The Industrial Revolution was a period of profound social, economic, and technological changes that began in Britain during the late 18th century and spread to other parts of the world. It marked the transition from agrarian and handcraft-based economies to industrialized and mechanized production.
Engineers apply their knowledge of mathematical and natural sciences to design, develop, and create practical solutions to various problems. They use their expertise to harness the materials and forces of nature in an economically viable way to benefit humanity. There are many branches of engineering, including civil engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, chemical engineering, and more, each specializing in different aspects of applying scientific principles for practical applications.
Scientific Management, under the Classical Approach to management, is a philosophy introduced by Frederick Winslow Taylor. It aims to increase productivity and make work easier by applying scientific methods to study work processes and establish standards. Key aspects of Scientific Management include time and motion studies to analyze work tasks, task specialization, standardization of work methods and equipment, incentive systems to motivate workers, and scientific selection and training of employees. While it significantly improved industrial productivity, it also faced criticism for its potential to dehumanize work. Over time, management approaches that emphasized human relations and social aspects of work emerged to complement the principles of Scientific Management.
The essential components of the management process typically include planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. These activities involve setting objectives, determining tasks and responsibilities, guiding and motivating employees, and monitoring progress to achieve organizational goals. While "discussing" may be a part of the management process, it is not one of the core functions or steps involved in the management process.
"Chain of command" refers to the hierarchical structure that defines the order in which authority and power are exercised and assigned within an organization. It establishes a clear line of authority from the top management down to every employee at each level of the organization.
Engineering management is a specialized field that combines technical knowledge from engineering disciplines with the principles of management. It involves overseeing and coordinating various aspects of engineering projects, including human resources, materials, machinery, and financial resources, to ensure the successful execution of projects.
Frederick Winslow Taylor is known as the "father of scientific management." He was an American mechanical engineer and management consultant who made significant contributions to the development of management theory and practice during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were significant contributors to the Classical Approach to management, particularly in the area of Scientific Management. They were a husband and wife team of industrial engineers who made important contributions to the study of work processes and efficiency improvement during the early 20th century.
Henri Fayol, a French management theorist and the father of Administrative Management, developed the 14 principles of management. These principles were presented in his book "General and Industrial Management," which was published in 1916. Fayol's work had a significant impact on the field of management and is still considered one of the foundational contributions to modern management theory.
The capacity of an engineer manager to achieve the company's objectives effectively and efficiently is often referred to as "Managerial Ability." Managerial ability encompasses a range of skills and competencies that enable a manager to perform their role successfully. It includes various aspects of leadership, decision-making, communication, problem-solving, strategic planning, and resource management.
