A Standard Instrument Departure (SID) is a predefined flight procedure that provides a structured route for aircraft departing from an airport, ensuring safe and efficient traffic flow.
ETOPS refers to regulations and standards that allow twin-engine aircraft to fly routes that are farther than 60 minutes from an alternate airport, by ensuring they meet specific safety and maintenance requirements.
A flight plan is a detailed document filed with ATC that outlines the planned route, altitude, and other operational details of a flight, ensuring safe and efficient air traffic management.
The Top of Descent (TOD) is a calculated point in flight planning where the aircraft should begin its descent from cruising altitude to reach the destination airport at the correct altitude and configuration.
The Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA) ensures that an aircraft remains safely above terrain and obstacles along its route, providing a buffer for emergency situations and navigational inaccuracies.
