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Network Fundamentals Flashcards

7 cards from real ECHOCARDIOGRAM practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Which Doppler finding indicates diastolic dysfunction in a patient with sinus tachycardia where E and A waves are fused?

    Answer: Increased E/e' ratio measured by tissue Doppler

    When E and A waves are fused due to tachycardia, E/e' ratio via tissue Doppler remains a reliable marker of elevated filling pressures.

  2. In ventricular tachycardia, which echocardiographic feature distinguishes it from supraventricular tachycardia with aberrancy?

    Answer: AV dissociation visible as independent atrial contraction

    AV dissociation, where atria and ventricles contract independently, confirms ventricular tachycardia on echocardiography.

  3. The interventricular septum acts as a conduction highway for which structure?

    Answer: Bundle branches

    Both right and left bundle branches travel along the interventricular septum before fanning out into the Purkinje fibers.

  4. A patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and outflow tract obstruction may have which associated arrhythmia commonly detected on ECG correlation with echo?

    Answer: Atrial fibrillation

    Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia in HCM, often triggered by left atrial enlargement from elevated filling pressures.

  5. Which echocardiographic measurement is used to calculate right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) using the tricuspid regurgitation jet?

    Answer: Peak TR velocity via the modified Bernoulli equation plus estimated RAP

    RVSP = 4 × (peak TR velocity)² + estimated right atrial pressure (RAP) using the modified Bernoulli equation.

  6. Which pacemaker pocket complication can be directly visualized on transthoracic echocardiography?

    Answer: Pacemaker lead perforation causing pericardial effusion

    Lead perforation through the myocardium can cause pericardial effusion or tamponade, both detectable by echocardiography.

  7. What echocardiographic finding confirms proper right ventricular lead placement in the right ventricular apex?

    Answer: Lead tip at the right ventricular apex with normal septal motion

    A properly placed RV apical lead is seen at the apex, and normal or expected LBBB-pattern septal motion confirms apical pacing.