Air Law and Procedures Flashcards
7 cards from real CPL practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Air Law and Procedures flashcards as text
What specific clearance wording is required before a pilot may enter Class B airspace under 14 CFR 91.131?
Answer: An explicit clearance using the phrase 'cleared into the Class B airspace'
14 CFR 91.131 requires an explicit ATC clearance containing the words 'cleared into the Class B airspace'; radar contact or a squawk assignment alone does not constitute authorization.
What is the primary distinction between a NOTAM (D) and an FDC NOTAM?
Answer: NOTAM (D) covers domestic airspace and facility information; FDC NOTAMs address regulatory and chart amendments
NOTAM (D) covers time-critical information about airspace, facilities, and hazards; FDC NOTAMs (Flight Data Center) address changes to published instrument procedures, charts, and regulatory amendments.
Under 14 CFR 91.215, which aircraft must be equipped with a Mode C transponder when operating in or above Class C airspace?
Answer: All aircraft, with limited exceptions specified in the regulation
14 CFR 91.215 requires Mode C altitude-encoding transponders on all aircraft operating in Class C airspace and above 10,000 feet MSL, with a narrow set of exceptions for specific aircraft types.
ATC issues a hold-short instruction which the pilot reads back incorrectly, and the controller does not correct it. If the pilot then crosses the runway, who bears primary legal responsibility?
Answer: The PIC, because the pilot-in-command is ultimately responsible for the safe operation of the aircraft
Under 14 CFR 91.3, the PIC bears ultimate responsibility for the safe operation of the aircraft, including runway incursion avoidance, regardless of controller error.
When ATC issues 'turn left heading 270, vectors to final,' which previously issued clearances remain in effect?
Answer: All previously assigned altitude restrictions remain in effect unless explicitly cancelled
A vectors-to-final instruction changes only the heading assignment; altitude restrictions from previous clearances remain in effect until ATC explicitly cancels or modifies them.
A Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR) established under 14 CFR 91.137(a)(2) is designed to protect which type of operation?
Answer: Disaster relief aircraft conducting operations in the area
14 CFR 91.137(a)(2) TFRs create a safe operating environment for aircraft involved in disaster relief efforts, separating relief operations from other traffic.
What transponder code should a pilot squawk when experiencing a two-way radio communication failure in VFR conditions?
Answer: 7600
Squawk 7600 signals a radio communication failure (NORDO) to ATC, whether the loss occurs under VFR or IFR.