Cosmetology State Board Exam — Questions and Answers

Question 1: Which of the following is an example of 'upselling' in a salon?

Discounting the price of a color service during slow hours
Recommending a deep-conditioning treatment in addition to a scheduled haircut (Correct answer)
Offering a client a free service to resolve a complaint
Referring a client to a specialist outside the salon

Correct answer: Recommending a deep-conditioning treatment in addition to a scheduled haircut

Upselling involves suggesting an additional or upgraded service (like a conditioning treatment) that enhances the client's results and increases the ticket total.

Question 2: When preparing a disinfectant solution, what should always be added to water — and not the other way around?

Water should be added to the disinfectant
Disinfectant should be added to water (Correct answer)
They should be mixed simultaneously
Temperature determines the order

Correct answer: Disinfectant should be added to water

Adding disinfectant to water (not water to disinfectant) prevents dangerous reactions and ensures accurate dilution ratios as specified on the label.

Question 3: According to the inverse square law of light, what happens to light intensity when the distance between the light source and the skin is doubled?

Intensity decreases to one-quarter of the original (Correct answer)
Intensity remains unchanged
Intensity increases by half
Intensity decreases by exactly half

Correct answer: Intensity decreases to one-quarter of the original

The inverse square law states that light intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, so doubling the distance reduces intensity to one-quarter.

Question 4: Which one of these is not a cosmetology specialty?

Aesthetician
Shampoo technician
Shoe making (Correct answer)
Hair coloring

Correct answer: Shoe making

Cosmetology encompasses the art and science of beautifying the hair, skin, and nails. Specialties within this field include shampoo technicians, aestheticians (skin care specialists), and hair coloring. Shoe making, however, is a craft focused on footwear production and is entirely unrelated to personal grooming and beauty services, thus not a cosmetology specialty.

Question 5: Which type of nail wrap provides the thinnest and most natural-looking nail extension?

Silk wrap (Correct answer)
Fiberglass wrap
Linen wrap
Paper wrap

Correct answer: Silk wrap

Silk wraps are the thinnest and most natural-looking of the nail wrap materials, offering a lightweight overlay.

Question 6: A client's hair snaps when stretched slightly. This indicates low:

Elasticity (Correct answer)
Density
Texture
Porosity

Correct answer: Elasticity

Low elasticity means hair cannot stretch and return to its original shape without breaking.

Question 7: What chapter contains the Texas Administrative Code?

83 (Correct answer)
5
1603
17

Correct answer: 83

The Texas Administrative Code (TAC) related to cosmetology is primarily found in Chapter 83. This chapter details the specific rules and regulations governing cosmetology establishments, practitioners, and schools in Texas, providing the operational framework for the industry.

Question 8: What is the primary difference between bacteriostatic and bactericidal products?

Bacteriostatic products kill bacteria; bactericidal products slow growth
Bactericidal products are weaker than bacteriostatic products
Bacteriostatic products slow bacterial growth; bactericidal products kill bacteria (Correct answer)
Both terms mean the same thing in a salon context

Correct answer: Bacteriostatic products slow bacterial growth; bactericidal products kill bacteria

Bacteriostatic agents inhibit bacterial reproduction without killing them, while bactericidal agents actively kill bacteria — salons require bactericidal disinfectants.

Question 9: In a cosmetology setting, ultraviolet (UV) light is most commonly used for which purpose?

Sanitizing tools and surfaces in the salon (Correct answer)
Relaxing facial muscles before treatment
Stimulating the dermis to produce collagen
Deeply hydrating dehydrated skin

Correct answer: Sanitizing tools and surfaces in the salon

UV light is used as a sanitizing agent in cosmetology to reduce bacteria, mold, and viruses on implements and work surfaces.

Question 10: Which nail condition is characterized by a separation of the nail plate from the nail bed?

Onychomycosis
Leukonychia
Onycholysis (Correct answer)
Paronychia

Correct answer: Onycholysis

Onycholysis is the painless separation of the nail plate from the nail bed, often starting at the free edge.

Question 11: Which structure in the hair follicle is responsible for hair pigmentation?

Arrector pili
Papilla
Inner root sheath
Melanocytes in the bulb matrix (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Melanocytes in the bulb matrix

Melanocytes located in the hair bulb matrix inject melanin into developing hair cortex cells, determining hair color.

Question 12: A regular client who has diabetes comes in for a pedicure. Which of the following actions is a critical safety precaution the nail technician must take?

Use a coarse, abrasive file to vigorously remove all calluses.
Avoid using sharp implements, such as metal nippers or credo blades, near the skin. (Correct answer)
Apply a generous amount of moisturizing lotion between the toes to prevent dryness.
Soak the feet in extra-hot water to soften the skin effectively.

Correct answer: Avoid using sharp implements, such as metal nippers or credo blades, near the skin.

Clients with diabetes often have compromised circulation and reduced nerve sensation (neuropathy), meaning they may not feel a cut or injury. A small cut from a sharp tool like a nipper or a credo blade (which is illegal in many states) can be very slow to heal and may lead to a serious infection. Therefore, cosmetologists must avoid any implements that could break the skin. Gentle filing and pushing back cuticles without cutting are the safest methods.

Question 13: Which type of electrical current flows in only one direction and is used in galvanic treatments?

Direct current (DC) (Correct answer)
Faradic current
Alternating current (AC)
Sinusoidal current

Correct answer: Direct current (DC)

Direct current (DC) flows in one direction only, which is why it is used in galvanic facial treatments that rely on a consistent polarity.

Question 14: Which type of exfoliation uses enzymes derived from fruits such as papaya or pineapple?

Microdermabrasion
Chemical acid exfoliation
Mechanical exfoliation
Enzymatic exfoliation (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Enzymatic exfoliation

Enzymatic exfoliants use proteolytic enzymes like papain (papaya) or bromelain (pineapple) to digest the keratin proteins in dead skin cells.

Question 15: A client wants copper-red permanent color on naturally light blonde (level 9) hair. Which developer volume is most appropriate?

20-volume
30-volume
40-volume
10-volume (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 10-volume

Level 9 blonde hair needs only deposit of color with minimal lift, so 10-volume developer is sufficient for maximum color saturation without unnecessary lift.

Question 16: Retinoids used in professional skincare are derivatives of which vitamin?

Vitamin E
Vitamin A (Correct answer)
Vitamin K
Vitamin C

Correct answer: Vitamin A

Retinoids are vitamin A derivatives that accelerate cell turnover, stimulate collagen synthesis, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and hyperpigmentation.

Question 17: Which law of color states that all colors are created from three primary colors?

Law of absorption
Law of refraction
Law of color theory (Correct answer)
Law of reflection

Correct answer: Law of color theory

The law of color theory establishes that red, yellow, and blue are the three primary colors from which all other colors are mixed.

Question 18: A client with previously relaxed hair wants a haircolor service. What precaution should the cosmetologist take?

Use 40-volume developer to compensate for resistant hair
Perform a strand test and use a lower-volume developer (Correct answer)
Avoid coloring chemically relaxed hair entirely
Apply color immediately after a fresh relaxer

Correct answer: Perform a strand test and use a lower-volume developer

Chemically relaxed hair is already compromised, so a strand test and lower-volume developer help prevent breakage and over-processing.

Question 19: Which of the following best describes the purpose of the state board practical exam's sanitation component?

To confirm the candidate owns proper equipment
To evaluate speed of service delivery
To verify that the candidate can maintain a safe, infection-free work environment (Correct answer)
To test product knowledge and brand selection

Correct answer: To verify that the candidate can maintain a safe, infection-free work environment

The sanitation component ensures that candidates understand and can execute proper infection control procedures to protect client health.

Question 20: Andrew is packing away his marcels for the day. He burns himself unintentionally. What ought he to start with?

Put a band-aid on it.
Put ointment on the burn.
Immerse the burn in cool water. (Correct answer)
Immerse the burn in warm water.

Correct answer: Immerse the burn in cool water.

For a minor burn, the immediate first aid is to cool the affected area to stop the burning process and reduce pain and swelling. Immersing the burn in cool (not cold or icy) water for several minutes is the recommended initial step. Applying ointment or a band-aid should only be done after the burn has been cooled and assessed.

Question 21: A client arrives for their appointment with an obvious scalp infection. According to state board regulations, the cosmetologist should:

Apply a medicated treatment before the service
Refer the client to a physician and decline the service (Correct answer)
Use an antibacterial shampoo and proceed cautiously
Perform the service with gloves on

Correct answer: Refer the client to a physician and decline the service

State board regulations prohibit cosmetologists from performing services on clients with contagious skin or scalp conditions; the client must be referred to a medical professional.

Question 22: What is a 'traveling guide' (also called a moving guide) used for in haircutting?

It is used only for zero-elevation blunt perimeter cuts
It is a guideline cut at the nape before any other sections are cut
It stays in one place and all hair is brought to that single reference point
It moves with each new section, maintaining a consistent length progression for layers (Correct answer)

Correct answer: It moves with each new section, maintaining a consistent length progression for layers

A traveling guide moves forward or upward with each new subsection, carrying the previously cut hair as the guide to create consistent, progressive layering.

Question 23: Which hair texture has the smallest diameter and may appear thin or fine?

Medium
Normal
Coarse
Fine (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Fine

Fine hair has the smallest individual strand diameter, making it more susceptible to damage and prone to limpness.

Question 24: A client arrives with a small cut on their finger. What should the cosmetologist do before performing a service?

Cover the wound with a bandage and wear gloves (Correct answer)
Proceed with the service as normal
Apply alcohol directly to the wound
Refuse the service entirely

Correct answer: Cover the wound with a bandage and wear gloves

Covering wounds and wearing gloves protects both the client and the cosmetologist from bloodborne pathogen exposure.

Question 25: How many hours before a cosmetology license expires should a renewal application typically be submitted?

Only when requested by the board
Within 90 days after expiration
On the exact expiration date
At least 30 days before expiration (Correct answer)

Correct answer: At least 30 days before expiration

Most state boards recommend submitting renewal applications at least 30 days before the license expiration date to avoid lapses.

Question 26: A common usage for dibutyl phthalate is as a _______.

Coloring agent
Sedative
Paint thinner
Plasticizer (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Plasticizer

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is primarily used as a plasticizer, a substance added to plastics to increase their flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity. In cosmetology, it was historically used in nail polishes to prevent chipping and make them more pliable, though its use has decreased due to health concerns.

Question 27: The galvanic current technique used to soften and emulsify sebum and debris in the follicle is called:

Anaphoresis
Iontophoresis
Cataphoresis
Desincrustation (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Desincrustation

Desincrustation uses the negative pole of galvanic current with an alkaline solution to deep-cleanse and soften follicle debris.

Question 28: Which of the following is the best way to retain existing salon clients?

Hiring the most staff possible
Offering the lowest prices in the area
Advertising heavily on social media
Providing consistent quality service and personalized follow-up (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Providing consistent quality service and personalized follow-up

Consistent quality service combined with personalized follow-up (such as rebooking reminders and thank-you messages) is the most effective client retention strategy.

Question 29: What is 'freehand clipper over comb' primarily used for?

Establishing the initial guide for a layered cut
Creating sharp, defined lines at the nape
Removing bulk from very thick hair sections
Blending and tapering areas that clippers alone cannot reach (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Blending and tapering areas that clippers alone cannot reach

Clipper-over-comb uses a comb to lift the hair and clippers to cut it, allowing blending and tapering in areas where a guard attachment won't work.

Question 30: During a chemical relaxer service, the primary role of the neutralizer is to:

Swell the cuticle and soften the hair.
Condition the hair and scalp.
Break the disulfide bonds.
Harden and reform the disulfide bonds in their new, straighter alignment. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Harden and reform the disulfide bonds in their new, straighter alignment.

After the relaxer has broken the disulfide bonds to straighten the hair, the neutralizer is applied to rebuild these bonds in their new shape. This process is what permanently locks the hair into its new, straighter form.

Question 31: Which of the following best describes the role of administrative rules in cosmetology?

They are temporary measures reviewed every six months by the legislature
They apply only to salon owners and not to individual cosmetologists
They are voluntary guidelines that salons may choose to follow
They are legally binding regulations that establish standards for licensing, practice, and sanitation (Correct answer)

Correct answer: They are legally binding regulations that establish standards for licensing, practice, and sanitation

Administrative rules carry the force of law and are binding on all licensees and establishments, establishing enforceable standards for the profession.

Question 32: A client has a green cast in her blonde hair from swimming in a chlorinated pool. What is the likely cause?

The pool dye reacts with blonde hair's low melanin
Chlorine bleaches the hair and reveals undertones
Copper mineral deposits oxidize and bind to the hair shaft (Correct answer)
Alkaline pool water raises the cuticle and traps green pigment

Correct answer: Copper mineral deposits oxidize and bind to the hair shaft

Copper oxidizes to form green compounds (like copper chlorophyll) that bind to the porous hair shaft, causing the characteristic green tint.

Question 33: Which of the following statements regarding toluene is false?

It is similar to paint thinners
It is found in nail polishes
It has a pleasant smell (Correct answer)
It is clear and insoluble in water

Correct answer: It has a pleasant smell

Toluene is a solvent commonly found in nail polishes and paint thinners, and it is known for its strong, pungent, and often unpleasant odor, not a pleasant one. It is indeed a clear liquid, insoluble in water, and chemically similar to paint thinners. Therefore, the statement that it has a pleasant smell is false.

Question 34: When using galvanic current for a facial treatment, the application of the positive pole produces which of the following effects?

Soothes nerves and closes pores. (Correct answer)
Softens tissues and dilates follicles.
Liquefies sebum through saponification.
Increases blood circulation and stimulates nerves.

Correct answer: Soothes nerves and closes pores.

The positive pole in a galvanic treatment creates an acidic reaction on the skin. This process, known as cataphoresis, results in soothing nerves, reducing redness, hardening tissues, and constricting follicles (closing pores).

Question 35: What unit is used to measure electrical resistance in a circuit?

Ampere
Ohm (Correct answer)
Volt
Watt

Correct answer: Ohm

Electrical resistance is measured in ohms, named after physicist Georg Simon Ohm who developed the foundational law of electrical circuits.

Question 36: What is the primary purpose of a conditioner's acidic pH (4.5–5.5)?

To break disulfide bonds
To open the cuticle for deep penetration
To activate the color developer
To close the cuticle and smooth the hair (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To close the cuticle and smooth the hair

The slightly acidic pH of conditioners causes the cuticle scales to contract and lie flat, resulting in smooth, shiny hair.

Question 37: What tendencies does the hair exhibit as it is being chemically waved?

To contract
To expand (Correct answer)
To harden
To circulate

Correct answer: To expand

As hair is being chemically waved, it tends to expand. The chemical solutions used in perming penetrate the hair shaft, causing the cuticle to swell and open. This expansion allows the perm solution to reach and break the disulfide bonds within the cortex, enabling the hair to be reshaped.

Question 38: What is the FIRST step a cosmetologist should take before fitting a client with a wig?

Apply a conditioning treatment
Measure the client's head (Correct answer)
Cut the wig into shape
Apply styling product to natural hair

Correct answer: Measure the client's head

Accurate head measurements ensure the wig will fit comfortably and securely before any other fitting steps are performed.

Question 39: What is the PRIMARY purpose of wearing a wig cap under a wig?

To protect natural hair and create a smooth, secure base (Correct answer)
To color the scalp to match the wig
To add height and volume
To make the wig heavier and more stable

Correct answer: To protect natural hair and create a smooth, secure base

A wig cap compresses natural hair flat, protects it from friction and moisture, and creates a smooth base for the wig to sit evenly.

Question 40: Which professional practice best protects a cosmetologist from liability during a chemical service?

Charging a premium price for the service
Using only the most expensive products
Performing the service as quickly as possible
Conducting a thorough consultation and performing a patch test when required (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Conducting a thorough consultation and performing a patch test when required

A thorough consultation and required patch testing help identify contraindications and allergies, protecting both the client and the cosmetologist from liability.

Question 41: The process by which cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells is called:

Mitosis (Correct answer)
Osmosis
Meiosis
Cytokinesis only

Correct answer: Mitosis

Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells used for growth and tissue repair.

Question 42: During which phase of the hair growth cycle does the hair follicle shrink and hair stops growing?

Anagen
Exogen
Catagen (Correct answer)
Telogen

Correct answer: Catagen

During the catagen phase (transitional phase), the follicle shrinks and active hair growth ceases.

Question 43: During the state board practical exam, which of the following actions would most likely result in automatic failure?

Performing a service on a mannequin instead of a live model when required (Correct answer)
Using a slightly different technique than taught
Taking an extra minute on a timed section
Asking an examiner for clarification

Correct answer: Performing a service on a mannequin instead of a live model when required

Using a mannequin when a live model is specifically required violates exam rules and typically results in disqualification.

Question 44: What constitutes shampoo's major active ingredient?

surfactant (Correct answer)
lipophilic
hydrophilic
water

Correct answer: surfactant

The main active ingredient in shampoo is a surfactant, which stands for 'surface active agent.' Surfactants work by lowering the surface tension of water, allowing it to mix with oils and dirt on the hair and scalp. This enables the shampoo to effectively lift away impurities, which are then rinsed away with water, leaving the hair clean.

Question 45: The following are dangerous substances that cosmetologists avoid using

Flavour (Correct answer)
Perms
Hair coloring
Relaxers

Correct answer: Flavour

Among the given options, 'Flavour' is not a substance typically used in cosmetology products in a way that would make it inherently dangerous for cosmetologists to avoid. Hair coloring, relaxers, and perms are all chemical services that, while requiring careful handling and safety precautions, are standard cosmetology procedures. 'Flavour' stands out as an irrelevant or non-dangerous substance in this context.

Question 46: Which of the following is a virus that can be transmitted in a salon through blood-to-blood contact?

Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Hepatitis B (Correct answer)
Tinea pedis

Correct answer: Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a bloodborne virus that can survive on surfaces for days and poses a significant risk in salon settings if proper infection control is not followed.

Question 47: Which nail shape is considered the strongest for natural nails due to its rounded edges?

Square
Coffin
Oval (Correct answer)
Stiletto

Correct answer: Oval

The oval shape follows the natural nail's contour and eliminates sharp corners, reducing breakage points.

Question 48: When cutting, Emily is instructed by her teacher to lift the hair. What other name would you give to elevation?

Lowering
Thinning
Sectioning
Projection (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Projection

In haircutting, elevation refers to the degree at which the hair is lifted away from the head before cutting. This technique is also commonly known as projection. The angle of elevation or projection directly influences the amount of graduation or layering achieved in the haircut.

Question 49: A client has a history of scalp sensitivity. Which type of relaxer would be most appropriate?

Ammonium thioglycolate relaxer
Guanidine hydroxide (no-lye) relaxer (Correct answer)
Calcium hydroxide relaxer without activator
Sodium hydroxide (lye) relaxer

Correct answer: Guanidine hydroxide (no-lye) relaxer

Guanidine hydroxide (no-lye) relaxers have a slightly lower pH than sodium hydroxide relaxers and are generally better tolerated by sensitive scalps.

Question 50: Which of the following is classified as a secondary skin lesion?

Papule
Pustule
Bulla
Scar (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Scar

Secondary skin lesions are changes that occur to a primary lesion or are caused by external factors like scratching or healing. A scar is a mark left on the skin after an injury has healed. Papules, pustules, and bullae are all types of primary lesions, which are the initial presentation of a skin condition.

Question 51: Which type of implement CANNOT be properly disinfected and must be discarded after single use in a cosmetology service?

Metal tail comb
Wooden cuticle pusher (Correct answer)
Stainless steel scissors
Glass manicure bowl

Correct answer: Wooden cuticle pusher

Porous implements like wooden tools cannot be fully disinfected and must be disposed of after a single use to prevent pathogen transmission.

Question 52: Peter is packing away his marcels for the day. He burns himself unintentionally. What ought he to start with?

Immerse the burn in warm water.
Put a band-aid on it.
Put ointment on the burn.
Immerse the burn in cool water. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Immerse the burn in cool water.

Question 53: What factors should you consider while choosing shampoo for a client?

what is available
the client's regular shampoo
the condition of the client's hair and scalp (Correct answer)
your favorite

Correct answer: the condition of the client's hair and scalp

When choosing shampoo, it is crucial to consider the client's specific hair and scalp condition. Different shampoos are formulated to address various concerns, such as oily scalp, dry hair, color-treated hair, or dandruff. Selecting a shampoo tailored to these needs ensures optimal cleansing, conditioning, and overall hair health, providing the best results for the client.

Question 54: A client with a prominent round face shape desires a haircut to create a more elongated appearance. Which of the following recommendations would be most suitable?

Long layers that start below the chin with a side part. (Correct answer)
A style with layers that add volume primarily at the sides of the head.
A short, rounded haircut that ends at the jawline.
A chin-length bob with blunt, straight-across bangs.

Correct answer: Long layers that start below the chin with a side part.

To make a round face appear longer and slimmer, the goal is to add height and create vertical lines while avoiding width at the cheeks. Long layers that begin below the chin draw the eye downward, elongating the face. A side part creates an asymmetrical line that breaks up the roundness of the face. Chin-length bobs, side volume, and rounded cuts that end at the jawline all tend to emphasize the width of a round face.

Question 55: How often must a cosmetology license typically be renewed in most U.S. states?

Every year
Every two years (Correct answer)
Every ten years
Every five years

Correct answer: Every two years

Most U.S. states require cosmetology license renewal every two years, often accompanied by continuing education requirements.

Question 56: Which massage movement during a facial uses light, gliding strokes to begin and end the massage?

Effleurage (Correct answer)
Tapotement
Friction
Petrissage

Correct answer: Effleurage

Effleurage consists of light, rhythmic, gliding strokes that warm and relax the skin; it is typically used to begin and end a facial massage.

Question 57: A client presents with greenish discoloration under a nail enhancement. What is the most likely cause?

Bruising from trauma
Fungal infection
Pseudomonas bacterial infection (Correct answer)
Iron deficiency

Correct answer: Pseudomonas bacterial infection

Green discoloration under enhancements is typically caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria thriving in the moist space between the product and nail plate.

Question 58: Which product is used to dehydrate the natural nail plate before applying acrylic or gel enhancements?

Nail bleach
Nail dehydrator (Correct answer)
Nail primer
Base coat

Correct answer: Nail dehydrator

A nail dehydrator removes moisture and oils from the nail plate surface, improving adhesion of enhancements.

Question 59: What is the term for the amount of hair loss considered normal per day for a healthy adult?

200–300 strands
10–20 strands
Over 500 strands
50–100 strands (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 50–100 strands

Losing approximately 50–100 strands of hair per day is considered normal for a healthy adult due to the natural hair growth cycle.

Question 60: The hyponychium is located:

At the base of the nail under the proximal fold
Under the free edge where the nail plate separates from the skin (Correct answer)
Along the lateral nail folds on the sides
On top of the nail plate near the lunula

Correct answer: Under the free edge where the nail plate separates from the skin

The hyponychium is the thickened skin at the fingertip just beneath the free edge, forming a seal against bacteria.

Question 61: Why should synthetic wigs NOT be styled with high-heat tools?

They absorb too much heat
Heat permanently melts or damages synthetic fibers (Correct answer)
High heat makes them grow longer
They become too shiny

Correct answer: Heat permanently melts or damages synthetic fibers

Synthetic wig fibers are plastic-based and will melt, frizz, or become permanently deformed when exposed to the high heat of styling tools.

Question 62: The three primary colors, as indicated on the color wheel, are

red, yellow, purple
yellow, orange, green
red, blue, yellow (Correct answer)
yellow, orange, blue

Correct answer: red, blue, yellow

In color theory, the primary colors are red, blue, and yellow. These three colors are considered fundamental because they cannot be created by mixing any other colors. They form the basis of the color wheel, and all other colors are derived from combinations of these primaries.

Question 63: The term 'porosity' in haircare refers to the hair's ability to:

Stretch without breaking
Absorb and retain moisture (Correct answer)
Reflect light and appear shiny
Withstand heat styling without damage

Correct answer: Absorb and retain moisture

Hair porosity describes how readily the hair's cuticle layer allows moisture and chemicals to enter and be retained.

Question 64: What is the outermost protective layer of the hair shaft called?

Dermal papilla
Cuticle (Correct answer)
Cortex
Medulla

Correct answer: Cuticle

The cuticle is the outermost layer, made of overlapping scale-like cells that protect the inner layers of the hair shaft.

Question 65: Which type of water hardness is caused by dissolved calcium and magnesium bicarbonates that can be removed by boiling?

Permanent hardness
Temporary hardness (Correct answer)
Chemical hardness
Mineral hardness

Correct answer: Temporary hardness

Temporary hardness is caused by calcium and magnesium bicarbonates, which precipitate out when water is boiled.

Question 66: A cosmetologist is performing a color correction on a client whose hair was previously colored too dark. Which product is best used first?

A color remover or soap cap (Correct answer)
A demi-permanent color in a lighter shade
A bleach bath (bleach and shampoo mixture)
A high-lift permanent color

Correct answer: A color remover or soap cap

A color remover or soap cap is typically the first step in color correction to break down and remove artificial dark pigment before re-coloring.

Question 67: When shaping the free edge of a natural nail during a manicure, which of the following filing techniques is recommended to prevent splitting and damage?

Employing a coarse-grit file (e.g., 100 grit) to speed up the shaping process.
Filing from the outer corner to the center of the free edge. (Correct answer)
Using a rapid back-and-forth "sawing" motion across the nail edge.
Filing deep into the corners on each side of the nail.

Correct answer: Filing from the outer corner to the center of the free edge.

Filing from the corner to the center of the nail, in one direction, places the least amount of stress on the nail plate. This technique helps to prevent the layers of the nail from separating, which can cause splitting and peeling. A back-and-forth motion weakens the nail, and filing too deeply into the corners can damage the nail bed and lead to ingrown nails.

Question 68: Which wax type is considered most appropriate for sensitive skin during hair removal?

Sugar paste
Hard wax (stripless wax) (Correct answer)
Soft wax (strip wax)
Cold wax strips

Correct answer: Hard wax (stripless wax)

Hard wax adheres only to the hair and not the skin, reducing irritation and making it preferable for sensitive areas and skin types.

Question 69: Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands, and oil glands?

Epidermis
Stratum Corneum
Dermis (Correct answer)
Hypodermis

Correct answer: Dermis

The dermis, also known as the 'true skin,' is the layer beneath the epidermis and contains the majority of the skin's structures, including blood vessels, nerves, and glands.

Question 70: How long must implements typically soak in an EPA-registered disinfectant to be considered properly disinfected?

The time specified on the product label (Correct answer)
1 minute
At least 30 minutes
5 minutes

Correct answer: The time specified on the product label

Contact time varies by product, so cosmetologists must always follow the manufacturer's label instructions for effective disinfection.

Question 71: What is the role of an oxidizer (hydrogen peroxide) in permanent hair color?

It removes the cuticle layer
It closes the cuticle after the service
It deposits color and develops the dye molecules in the cortex (Correct answer)
It conditions the hair after coloring

Correct answer: It deposits color and develops the dye molecules in the cortex

Hydrogen peroxide lightens existing pigment and oxidizes the color precursors inside the hair cortex, developing the permanent color molecules.

Question 72: When setting up for the state board practical exam, implements must be stored in a manner that demonstrates:

They have been properly sanitized and organized (Correct answer)
They were purchased new for the exam
They are accessible within arm's reach at all times
They are the brand specified by the state board

Correct answer: They have been properly sanitized and organized

Examiners assess that all implements are properly sanitized and organized before the service begins as part of the sanitation score.

Question 73: What is the purpose of a salon's 'ticket average' metric?

To monitor employee punctuality
To calculate the average dollar amount spent per client visit (Correct answer)
To measure how many clients are booked per day
To track how many retail products are sold monthly

Correct answer: To calculate the average dollar amount spent per client visit

Ticket average measures the mean revenue generated per client visit, helping salons assess productivity and pricing effectiveness.

Question 74: Which scalp condition is characterized by dry, white flakes and mild itching?

Tinea capitis
Psoriasis
Seborrhea
Pityriasis capitis simplex (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Pityriasis capitis simplex

Pityriasis capitis simplex is the technical term for simple dandruff, presenting as dry, white, non-oily flakes.

Question 75: Which of the following best describes 'on-the-scalp' bleach?

A bleach used exclusively for highlights
A bleach formula safe for direct scalp application (Correct answer)
Any bleach applied without foils
A bleach mixed with a high-volume developer for off-scalp use only

Correct answer: A bleach formula safe for direct scalp application

On-the-scalp bleach formulas are specifically designed to be gentler so they can be applied directly to the scalp without causing excessive irritation.

Question 76: Which facial massage movement involves a deep, circular friction applied with the fingertips to stimulate circulation?

Tapotement
Effleurage
Friction (Correct answer)
Pétrissage

Correct answer: Friction

Friction movements use firm, circular pressure with the fingertips or palms to generate heat, boost circulation, and loosen superficial adhesions.

Question 77: What does 'contributing pigment' refer to in haircoloring?

The pigment added to developer to control lift
The melanin concentration in the cortex before coloring
The artificial pigment deposited by the haircolor formula
The underlying warm tones revealed as hair is lightened (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The underlying warm tones revealed as hair is lightened

Contributing pigment (also called undertone) refers to the warm residual tones—red, orange, yellow—that are exposed as the hair's natural melanin is lightened.

Question 78: Before performing any electrical facial treatment, what client health condition must be screened for and is considered an absolute contraindication?

Recent use of topical moisturizer
Mild dry skin or seasonal allergies
Presence of a pacemaker or metal implants (Correct answer)
History of seasonal acne breakouts

Correct answer: Presence of a pacemaker or metal implants

Pacemakers can be disrupted by electrical currents, and metal implants can cause burns or interference; both conditions are absolute contraindications for electrical treatments.

Question 79: The Heimlich technique is about to be executed by Peter. All of the following steps are involved in the Heimlich maneuver. EXCEPT

Make a thumbless fist.
Call 911
Pat the victim on his or her back. (Correct answer)
Determine if the victim can speak or cough.

Correct answer: Pat the victim on his or her back.

The Heimlich maneuver (abdominal thrusts) is designed to dislodge an object from an adult's airway. Patting the victim on the back is generally not recommended for conscious adults who are choking, as it can potentially push the object further down the airway. The correct steps involve assessing the situation, calling 911 if necessary, and performing abdominal thrusts.

Question 80: Which of the following is NOT typically tested in the cosmetology state board practical exam?

Hair coloring application
Nail tip application
Skin analysis and facial
Business accounting (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Business accounting

Business accounting is not a hands-on skill tested in the practical exam; the practical focuses on technical cosmetology services.

Question 81: When _________________, scalp manipulations should not be done.

The hair has recently been brushed
The hair has been tinted
Abrasions are present (Correct answer)
Henna is to be applied

Correct answer: Abrasions are present

Scalp manipulations, such as massages or vigorous brushing, should be avoided when abrasions, cuts, sores, or any signs of skin irritation are present on the scalp. Performing manipulations on an injured scalp can cause pain, worsen the condition, introduce infection, or further irritate the skin. Client safety and comfort are paramount in cosmetology practices.

Question 82: What must a cosmetologist post in a visible location in their salon, per most state board regulations?

Their personal resume
Their school diploma
Their valid cosmetology license (Correct answer)
Their continuing education certificates

Correct answer: Their valid cosmetology license

Most state boards require cosmetologists to display their valid, current license in a location visible to clients at all times.

Question 83: What are tint removers made to get rid of?

Natural pigment
Artificial pigment (Correct answer)
Conditioner build-up
Temporary colors

Correct answer: Artificial pigment

Tint removers, or color removers, are specifically designed to remove artificial pigment that has been deposited into the hair during a coloring service. They work by shrinking the artificial color molecules, making them small enough to be rinsed out of the hair shaft. They do not remove the hair's natural pigment, which would require a bleaching or lightening process.

Question 84: Which type of nail wrap provides the most strength and durability for nail repair?

Silk wrap
Paper wrap
Fiberglass wrap (Correct answer)
Linen wrap

Correct answer: Fiberglass wrap

Fiberglass wraps are the most durable nail wrap due to their rigid woven structure that resists tearing.

Question 85: A cosmetologist's 'client intake form' primarily serves to:

Record health history, allergies, and service preferences to ensure safe, customized services (Correct answer)
Document how the client heard about the salon
Collect payment information for future charges
Verify the client's age for legal compliance

Correct answer: Record health history, allergies, and service preferences to ensure safe, customized services

A client intake form gathers health history, allergies, and preferences so the cosmetologist can provide safe and personalized services.

Question 86: Which gland in the skin is responsible for regulating body temperature through sweat production?

Meibomian glands
Eccrine glands (Correct answer)
Sebaceous glands
Apocrine glands

Correct answer: Eccrine glands

Eccrine glands are distributed across most of the body and produce sweat to regulate body temperature through evaporative cooling.

Question 87: Which of the following is a primary function of the sudoriferous glands?

To regulate body temperature through perspiration (Correct answer)
To produce sebum for lubrication
To give skin its color
To produce collagen and elastin fibers

Correct answer: To regulate body temperature through perspiration

The sudoriferous (sweat) glands are essential for thermoregulation. They secrete perspiration, which cools the body as it evaporates, and also help excrete waste products. Sebum is produced by sebaceous glands, melanin by melanocytes, and collagen/elastin are proteins found in the dermis.

Question 88: What type of hair extension method uses heat to bond extensions to natural hair?

Tape-in method
Fusion or bonded method (Correct answer)
Micro-link method
Clip-in method

Correct answer: Fusion or bonded method

Fusion or bonded extensions use a heated tool to melt a keratin bond that attaches the extension to natural hair strands.

Question 89: Immune insufficiency syndrome, acquired (aids)

Is a form of herpes
Is caused by needle use
Is caused by HIV virus (Correct answer)
Attacks the nervous system

Correct answer: Is caused by HIV virus

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the final, most severe stage of infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV attacks and destroys CD4 T cells, a type of white blood cell crucial to the immune system, progressively weakening the body's ability to fight off infections and certain cancers. AIDS is not caused by needle use directly, but rather by the transmission of the HIV virus, which can occur through shared needles.

Question 90: Which nail condition is characterized by the separation of the nail plate from the nail bed?

Onycholysis (Correct answer)
Paronychia
Onychomycosis
Leukonychia

Correct answer: Onycholysis

Onycholysis is the detachment of the nail plate from the nail bed, often caused by injury or infection.

Question 91: What is the 'horseshoe section' used for in haircutting?

Sectioning out the nape area for clipper work
Creating a guide for a one-length perimeter
Isolating the top of the head from the sides and back (Correct answer)
Separating bangs from the rest of the hair

Correct answer: Isolating the top of the head from the sides and back

The horseshoe section follows the curve of the head to separate the top (crown area) from the sides and back for layering or texturizing.

Question 92: What does SPF actually measure?

How long skin can be exposed to UVB before burning relative to unprotected skin (Correct answer)
UVA protection level
The amount of sunscreen in a product
The moisturizing capacity of a sunscreen

Correct answer: How long skin can be exposed to UVB before burning relative to unprotected skin

SPF (Sun Protection Factor) measures how much longer protected skin can be exposed to UVB rays before burning compared to unprotected skin.

Question 93: Under cosmetology administrative rules, what is an 'inactive' license status?

A valid license that the holder has chosen not to use actively to practice, often with reduced renewal requirements (Correct answer)
A license issued to a retired cosmetologist with no renewal needed
A license that has been permanently revoked by the board
A temporary status granted only to military personnel

Correct answer: A valid license that the holder has chosen not to use actively to practice, often with reduced renewal requirements

An inactive license allows a cosmetologist to maintain their credentials without actively practicing, often at a lower fee, but they cannot legally perform services.

Question 94: The structure that produces new nail cells and determines nail length is the:

Nail matrix (Correct answer)
Nail bed
Hyponychium
Lunula

Correct answer: Nail matrix

The nail matrix contains the cells that divide and produce the nail plate, controlling its growth.

Question 95: Surfaces that can be sanitized include:

Nail plates
Wood and plastic
Nonporous (Correct answer)
Skin

Correct answer: Nonporous

Sanitization and disinfection are effective only on nonporous surfaces because these materials do not absorb liquids, allowing disinfectants to remain on the surface and kill microorganisms. Porous materials like wood, cloth, or skin absorb liquids and harbor bacteria within their pores, making them impossible to properly disinfect or sanitize with standard salon products. Therefore, porous items are often single-use or require specific laundering/sterilization methods.

Question 96: Which layer of the hair shaft is responsible for giving hair its elasticity and strength?

Cuticle
Follicle
Medulla
Cortex (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Cortex

The cortex is the middle layer of the hair shaft and provides elasticity, strength, and contains melanin pigment.

Question 97: When cutting a fringe (bangs), what angle of elevation is typically used to create a curved, round shape?

90 degrees perpendicular to the scalp
The hair is elevated and cut freehand
0 degrees, cutting straight across (Correct answer)
45 degrees, angled away from the face

Correct answer: 0 degrees, cutting straight across

Bangs are typically cut at zero elevation (no lift from the scalp) while curving the scissors slightly to follow the natural curve of the head and create a round shape.

Question 98: Which nail enhancement removal method is safest for the natural nail?

Peeling the enhancement off manually
Soaking in acetone with foil wraps (Correct answer)
Using a drill at high speed
Filing off the entire enhancement aggressively

Correct answer: Soaking in acetone with foil wraps

Acetone soaking with foil wraps softens the product evenly, allowing safe removal without excessive mechanical damage.

Question 99: In Texas, a person must possess a high school diploma or an equivalent in order to have a cosmetology license.

College
None of the above
10 Days
GED (Correct answer)

Correct answer: GED

To obtain a cosmetology license in Texas, a person must possess a high school diploma or its equivalent, which is a GED. This educational requirement ensures that applicants have a foundational level of academic achievement necessary for professional training and understanding complex concepts in cosmetology.

Question 100: What type of nail enhancement system uses a two-part system of liquid monomer and powder polymer?

Hard gel system
Dip powder (SNS) system
Polygel system
Acrylic (liquid and powder) system (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Acrylic (liquid and powder) system

The acrylic system combines a liquid monomer with a powder polymer; they polymerize when mixed, creating a hard, durable nail enhancement.

Cosmetology State Board Exam

The state cosmetology board exam tests theory and practical knowledge for a cosmetology license.

100

Questions

120 min

Time Limit

70%

To Pass

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