CMP Kinesiology & Biomechanics 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The rotator cuff is composed of which four muscles?
- Deltoid, biceps brachii, triceps, and pectoralis minor
- Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis (Correct answer)
- Trapezius, rhomboids, levator scapulae, and serratus anterior
- Biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis, and brachioradialis
Correct answer: Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis
The rotator cuff consists of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis — collectively stabilizing the glenohumeral joint.
Question 2: Which type of joint allows rotation around a single axis, as seen in the atlantoaxial joint of the cervical spine?
- Ball-and-socket joint
- Hinge joint
- Pivot joint (Correct answer)
- Saddle joint
Correct answer: Pivot joint
A pivot joint, like the atlantoaxial joint, permits rotation around one axis — allowing the head to turn left and right.
Question 3: Pronation of the forearm involves:
- Rotating the palm to face upward (anteriorly)
- Rotating the palm to face downward (posteriorly) (Correct answer)
- Bending the elbow toward the shoulder
- Extending the wrist into hyperextension
Correct answer: Rotating the palm to face downward (posteriorly)
Pronation rotates the radius over the ulna, turning the palm to face downward or posteriorly.
Question 4: Which muscle is the primary wrist flexor located on the medial (ulnar) side of the forearm?
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Flexor carpi ulnaris (Correct answer)
- Palmaris longus
Correct answer: Flexor carpi ulnaris
The flexor carpi ulnaris is the primary wrist flexor on the medial side, originating from the medial epicondyle and inserting on the pisiform.
Question 5: In muscle function terminology, an 'agonist' is best described as:
- A muscle that opposes and controls the prime mover
- The primary muscle responsible for producing a specific movement (Correct answer)
- A muscle that stabilizes the proximal joint during movement
- A muscle that assists indirectly through fascial connections
Correct answer: The primary muscle responsible for producing a specific movement
The agonist (prime mover) is the muscle primarily responsible for producing the desired joint movement.
Question 6: Lumbar lordosis refers to:
- Excessive lateral curvature of the lumbar spine
- An exaggerated anterior (inward) curve of the lower back (Correct answer)
- An excessive posterior (kyphotic) curve of the thoracic spine
- Lateral deviation of the spine with vertebral rotation
Correct answer: An exaggerated anterior (inward) curve of the lower back
Lumbar lordosis is the natural inward curve of the lower back; excessive lordosis (hyperlordosis) increases this anterior curvature beyond normal.
Question 7: What is the primary role of fascia in the musculoskeletal system?
- To generate muscular contractile force
- To conduct sensory and motor nerve impulses
- To connect, support, and separate muscles and soft tissue structures (Correct answer)
- To produce synovial fluid for joint lubrication
Correct answer: To connect, support, and separate muscles and soft tissue structures
Fascia is connective tissue that envelops and separates muscles, organs, and other structures, providing support, transmitting forces, and enabling sliding between layers.
