GI Anatomy and Pathophysiology Flashcards
6 cards from real CGRN practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 GI Anatomy and Pathophysiology flashcards as text
A patient with cirrhosis develops dilated veins at the gastroesophageal junction. What is the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism?
Answer: Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension from cirrhosis causes blood to be diverted through portosystemic collaterals, including esophageal varices.
Which segment of the colon lacks a mesentery and is therefore retroperitoneal?
Answer: Ascending colon
The ascending colon is retroperitoneal and lacks a mesentery, making it relatively fixed in position.
What neurotransmitter is the primary mediator of peristalsis in the GI tract?
Answer: Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine released from enteric motor neurons stimulates smooth muscle contraction, making it the primary excitatory neurotransmitter driving peristalsis.
Which hepatic condition is characterized by copper accumulation due to defective biliary copper excretion?
Answer: Wilson's disease
Wilson's disease is caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene, leading to impaired biliary excretion of copper and its accumulation in the liver, brain, and cornea.
The ligament of Treitz marks the transition between which two portions of the GI tract?
Answer: Duodenum and jejunum
The ligament of Treitz marks the duodenojejunal junction and is an important anatomic landmark separating upper from lower GI bleeding.
Which type of polyp has the highest malignant potential in the colon?
Answer: Villous adenoma
Villous adenomas have the highest malignant potential among colonic polyps, with a 15-40% risk of containing carcinoma.