Cognitive Psychology Flashcards
7 cards from real ASPPB practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Cognitive Psychology flashcards as text
The 'misinformation effect,' as studied by Elizabeth Loftus, demonstrates that:
Answer: Post-event information can alter the content of original memories
The misinformation effect shows that exposure to misleading post-event information can distort or replace details of the original memory.
Which finding from cognitive neuroscience most directly supports the distinction between implicit and explicit memory?
Answer: Patients with hippocampal damage can learn new motor skills but cannot recall learning them
H.M. and similar patients with hippocampal damage demonstrate preserved procedural (implicit) learning despite profound inability to form new explicit memories, confirming the distinction.
In problem-solving research, 'functional fixedness' refers to the tendency to:
Answer: Perceive objects only in terms of their conventional functions
Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias in which people can only conceive of objects being used in their typical, conventional ways, limiting creative problem-solving.
The 'representativeness heuristic' can lead to the 'base rate neglect' error because people:
Answer: Judge probability by similarity to a prototype while ignoring prior probabilities
When using the representativeness heuristic, people judge how likely something is by how closely it resembles a prototype, often ignoring relevant statistical base rates.
Which theory of attention proposes that unattended messages are not filtered out but are attenuated (reduced in strength)?
Answer: Treisman's attenuation model
Treisman's attenuation model proposes that the unattended channel is not completely blocked but is weakened, allowing high-priority stimuli (e.g., one's own name) to still break through.
According to the ACT-R cognitive architecture, procedural knowledge is represented as:
Answer: Production rules of the form IF-THEN
In ACT-R, procedural knowledge consists of production rules (IF condition THEN action) that specify how to act given certain cognitive states.
The 'central executive' component of Baddeley's working memory model is most analogous to which broader cognitive construct?
Answer: Attentional control and executive function
The central executive acts as an attentional controller that manages and coordinates the subsidiary slave systems and allocates cognitive resources.