Cognitive Psychology Flashcards
7 cards from real ASPPB practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Cognitive Psychology flashcards as text
The 'encoding specificity principle' proposed by Tulving and Thomson states that:
Answer: Retrieval is most effective when conditions match those present during encoding
Encoding specificity holds that retrieval cues are most effective when they overlap with the context and cues present at the time of encoding.
Which of the following is an example of a 'schema' influencing memory reconstruction?
Answer: Recalling a restaurant visit as including items typical of restaurants but not actually present
Schemas are knowledge frameworks that lead people to fill in memory gaps with schema-consistent details, even if those details were not actually experienced.
Connectionist (PDP) models of cognition differ from classical symbolic models primarily in that they:
Answer: Store knowledge as distributed patterns of activation across network units
Parallel distributed processing models represent knowledge as distributed activation patterns across interconnected units, rather than in discrete symbolic rules or localized nodes.
A child who insists that the amount of liquid changes when poured from a tall narrow glass to a short wide glass has not yet developed:
Answer: Conservation
Conservation, according to Piaget, is the understanding that quantity remains constant despite changes in appearance, typically acquired during the concrete operational stage.
In cognitive load theory, 'germane cognitive load' refers to:
Answer: The mental effort devoted to forming and automating schemas
Germane cognitive load is the beneficial processing effort directed toward schema formation and automation, enhancing long-term learning.
The 'tip-of-the-tongue' (TOT) phenomenon is best explained by:
Answer: Partial activation of semantic and phonological information without full retrieval
TOT states reflect partial access to a memory—semantic and some phonological features are available, but full phonological retrieval is blocked.
Which experimental paradigm demonstrated that people can process and respond to information without conscious awareness?
Answer: Subliminal priming studies using masked stimuli
Subliminal priming studies show that masked stimuli presented below the threshold of conscious detection can still influence subsequent responses, demonstrating unconscious processing.