Cognitive Psychology Flashcards
7 cards from real ASPPB practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Cognitive Psychology flashcards as text
According to Baddeley's working memory model, the 'phonological loop' is primarily responsible for:
Answer: Maintaining verbal and phonological information
The phonological loop temporarily holds and rehearses verbal and sound-based information through an articulatory rehearsal process.
The 'fan effect' in cognitive psychology demonstrates that:
Answer: Reaction time increases as more facts are associated with a concept
The fan effect shows that retrieval time for a fact increases as the number of facts associated with a given concept grows, due to spreading activation competition.
In dual-process theories of cognition, System 2 thinking is characterized as:
Answer: Slow, deliberate, and rule-governed
System 2 involves slow, effortful, conscious reasoning that follows logical rules and requires working memory resources.
Which of the following best describes the 'availability heuristic'?
Answer: Judging probability based on how easily examples come to mind
The availability heuristic involves estimating the likelihood of events based on how quickly or easily relevant examples can be retrieved from memory.
A patient who can no longer recognize the function of objects despite intact visual perception most likely has:
Answer: Semantic dementia or associative agnosia
Associative agnosia (or semantic dementia) involves failure to access semantic knowledge about objects despite intact perceptual processing.
The Stroop effect is best explained by which cognitive mechanism?
Answer: Limited attentional resources and automatic processing conflict
The Stroop effect occurs because automatic word reading competes with the intentional color-naming task, creating interference due to limited attentional control.
Which research finding provides evidence that perception is inherently top-down as well as bottom-up?
Answer: Context and prior knowledge influence what ambiguous stimuli are perceived as
The influence of context and expectations on perception of ambiguous stimuli (e.g., perceiving 'THE CAT' vs. '13' based on surrounding letters) demonstrates top-down processing.