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Child and Adolescent Development Flashcards

7 cards from real ALT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Child and Adolescent Development flashcards as text

  1. During which period does the prefrontal cortex — responsible for impulse control and decision-making — complete its development?

    Answer: Mid-to-late twenties

    The prefrontal cortex is the last brain region to fully mature, typically not completing development until a person's mid-to-late twenties.

  2. Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral reasoning is characterized by:

    Answer: Adhering to universal ethical principles even if they conflict with laws

    At the postconventional level, individuals reason based on abstract universal principles of justice, human rights, and ethical standards beyond societal laws.

  3. Which term describes the ability to understand that changing the shape of a substance does not change its quantity?

    Answer: Conservation

    Conservation, mastered in the concrete operational stage, is the understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance.

  4. A student from a collectivist cultural background consistently defers to group consensus rather than asserting individual opinions. An ALT teacher should recognize this as:

    Answer: A cultural value that may influence learning style and participation

    Collectivist cultures emphasize group harmony over individual expression, and teachers should recognize this as a cultural norm rather than a deficit.

  5. Puberty typically begins earlier in girls than in boys. On average, girls begin puberty at approximately:

    Answer: Ages 8–10

    Girls typically begin puberty between ages 8–10, about two years earlier than boys, with breast development often being the first sign.

  6. Which of the following best describes 'scaffolding' in educational contexts?

    Answer: Providing temporary, adjustable support that is gradually removed as the student gains competence

    Scaffolding, derived from Vygotsky's ZPD, involves providing structured support that is progressively reduced as the learner gains independence.

  7. Resilience in children exposed to adverse conditions is best supported by:

    Answer: Providing at least one stable, supportive relationship with a caring adult

    Research consistently shows that a stable, nurturing relationship with at least one adult is the most significant protective factor for resilience in at-risk children.